The 17th-century city authorities were worried about losing trade to Edinburgh’s New Town, so they decided to build a grand new Royal Exchange.
Why were the Edinburgh Vaults built?
Overpopulation was a major problem, and vaults were seen as a solution to put the poor underground so the city could use more space. The subterranean caverns became like a second underground city — sometimes three- and four-storeys deep.
Why is Edinburgh built on two levels?
A unique topography under Edinburgh Old Town
The two valleys on each side of the Tail are now known as the Grassmarket and the Princes’ Gardens. The challenging topography forced residents to build structures that would link different levels of the city.
Why does Edinburgh not have an underground?
On January 17, 1890, a meeting of residents in the Calton ward was held in which it was agreed that any scheme to build a tunnel under Princes Street and Calton Hill and through Royal Terrace and Hillside Gardens would “Injure the amenity and commercial interests of the city”.
Did people live underground in Edinburgh?
Descend into a section of Edinburgh’s legendary Underground City, where a population once lived in utter misery. Forgotten for centuries and only recently unsealed, this part of the vaults is known as Damnation Alley.
What is underneath Edinburgh Castle?
The Edinburgh Vaults
When it was built, a series of chambers were created under the street, within the arches of the structure. Originally, local businesses used them as storage. But the chambers were dark and damp and became unsuitable.
Why is Edinburgh castle built on a rock?
Set upon its mighty rock, Edinburgh Castle’s strategic advantage is clear. Seeing the site’s military potential, Iron Age people built a hill fort on the rock. Early medieval poetry tells of a war band that feasted here for a year before riding to their deaths in battle.
Why are there so many Chinese in Edinburgh?
Edinburgh is now the second most-visited city in the UK by Chinese tourists, after London, and last summer direct flights began between the Scottish capital and Beijing. Tour operators offering Chinese travellers packages to the Highlands advertise the area simply as “Utopia”.
How old is Edinburgh underground city?
Buried below ground, this network of narrow alleyways and abandoned houses has been lying beneath the Royal Mile since the 17th century.
What is the oldest street in Edinburgh?
Drygate is said to be the oldest thoroughfare in the city. The street was named the priest’s road. The word dry derives from Germany and is the name by which every German priest was called. A house was erected on Drygate during the reign of Robert the Third in the 14th century.
Why is Edinburgh so dark?
The city is also affectionately named by the Scottish as “Auld Reekie” (Reekie meaning “Smoky”), referring to the pollution from coal and wood fires that left dark smoky trails from chimneys through the Edinburgh skies.
Did Scotland have the Black Death?
In the 1340s, the Black Death wasted much of Europe and the Middle East, yet Scotland initially welcomed the onset of the plague.
Why are there tunnels under Edinburgh?
Those at the lowest level were originally used to house taverns, cobblers, a distillery and other trades. These business were eventually abandoned due to the lack of light and sanitation. However, despite the appalling conditions there is evidence that they were then used for a time as the very poorest housing.
What is the purpose of underground cities?
The primary reason for digging underground cities in the ancient world was for protection, as the spaces could be closed by rolling heavy boulders across the entrances.
How big is Edinburgh underground city?
In total there are approximately 120 rooms or ‘vaults’ beneath the surface of the South Bridge, ranging in size from two metres squared to forty metres squared. South Bridge officially opened for business on 1 March 1788.
Why are there so many closes in Edinburgh?
Back in medieval times, Royal Mile was lined with individual plots of land with paths to gain access to the land behind. As each plot became built up over time, these paths or closes developed into narrow lanes connecting courtyards and streets behind the Royal Mile.
Was Edinburgh Castle ever destroyed?
Robert the Bruce then ordered destruction of Edinburgh Castle to prevent the English from attempting to retake it. As a result, the castle was razed to the ground with the exception of St. Margaret’s Chapel.
What is the oldest house in Edinburgh?
Moubray House
The oldest occupied residential building in Edinburgh, parts of Moubray House are thought to date back to the 1470s. The English writer Daniel Defoe stayed here in the aftermath of the Treaty of Union in 1707.
Does the queen ever live in Edinburgh Castle?
The Palace of Holyroodhouse was Queen’s official residence in Scotland despite many wrongly believing that it was Balmoral Castle. The Queen would usually stay at the Edinburgh palace once a year in the summertime and last visited in June 2022.
What’s the oldest building in Scotland?
Visited by 27 Scottish Kings and Queens Traquair dates back to 1107 and has been lived in by the Stuart family since 1491. Originally a royal hunting lodge, Traquair played host to Mary Queen of Scots and later as staunch Catholics they supported the Jacobite cause without counting the cost.
What is the oldest castle in the world?
The Citadel of Aleppo is the oldest castle in the world, with some parts of the structure dating back to 3000 BC. Built in 1070 AD, Windsor Castle is the oldest castle that is still actively used today. Prague Castle is the largest castle in the world at 70,000 square meters.