They would dig a subterranean passage under the walls or tower of the castle for the purpose of gaining access or to collapse the structure. Mining was in response to the stone keeps, towers, and walls that could not be burned or battered down with primitive siege engines.
Did castles have secret tunnels?
Some buildings have secret areas built into their original plans, such as secret passages in medieval castles, designed to allow inhabitants to escape from enemy sieges. Other castles’ secret passages led to an underground water source, providing water during prolonged sieges.
How did castles defend against digging tunnels?
Essential to castle fortifications, the moat consists of an artificially dug ditch that is then filled with water. In addition to making it harder for armies and siege machines to reach the walls, the moat’s primary function was to prevent attackers from digging tunnels under the castle walls.
What are the holes in castle walls called?
An embrasure is the opening in a battlement between the two raised solid portions, referred to as crenel or crenelle in a space hollowed out throughout the thickness of a wall by the establishment of a bay. This term designates the internal part of this space, relative to the closing device, door or window.
What did every castle have inside the walls?
Inside the castle walls there might have been a magnificent hall, comfortable chambers and a beautiful chapel. Larger castles had their own fish ponds, orchards and vineyards, as well as gardens which supplied vegetables and herbs. Cattle sheep and pigs were kept on surrounding farm land.
Were there bathrooms in castles?
In the medieval period luxury castles were built with indoor toilets known as ‘garderobes’, and the waste dropped into a pit below.
What did castle toilets empty into?
Medieval castles in Europe were fitted with private toilets known as ‘garderobes’ (example pictured above), typically featuring stone seats above tall holes draining into moats.
Why did we stop using castles?
After the 16th century, castles declined as a mode of defense, mostly because of the invention and improvement of heavy cannons and mortars. This artillery could throw heavy cannonballs with so much force that even strong curtain walls could not hold up.
Why do castles have thick walls?
Other than simple towers, all castles have surrounding defensive walls. as the Romans knew, simple walls can be difficult to defend because the defenders need to be able to fire upon all areas outside but near the walls. The Roman solution was to construct towers at intervals along the walls.
How were castle moats filled with water?
Moats filled with water were usually supplied by a nearby source of water, such as a spring, lake, or river. Dams could be built that would control the level of water in the moat. While some fancy moats may have had stone sides, most moats had simple banks of earth left over from when they were dug.
How deep do castle walls go?
The height of walls varied widely by castle, but were often 2.5–6 m (8.2–19.7 ft) thick.
What are the holes in castles for?
A murder hole or meurtrière is a hole in the ceiling of a gateway or passageway in a fortification through which the defenders could shoot, throw or pour harmful substances or objects such as rocks, arrows, scalding water, hot sand, quicklime, or boiling oil, down on attackers.
What were windows in castles called?
An arrowslit (often also referred to as an arrow loop, loophole or loop hole, and sometimes a balistraria) is a narrow vertical aperture in a fortification through which an archer can launch arrows or a crossbowman can launch bolts.
Were castles clean or dirty?
Castles were very difficult to keep clean. There was no running water, so even simple washing tasks meant carrying a lot of bucketfuls of water from a well or stream. Few people had the luxury of being able to bathe regularly; the community was generally more tolerant of smells and dirt.
How did people stay warm in castles?
Castles weren’t always cold and dark places to live.
But, in reality, the great hall of castle had a large open hearth to provide heat and light (at least until the late 12th century) and later it had wall fireplace. The hall would also have had tapestries which would have insulated the room against too much cold.
What was the weakest part of a castle?
The entrance to the castle was always its weakest point. Drawbridges could be pulled up, preventing access across moats. Tall gate towers meant that defenders could shoot down in safety at attacks below. The main gate or door to the castle was usually a thick, iron-studded wooden door, that was hard to break through.
How did Victorians wipe their bottoms?
One of the more popular early American wiping objects was the dried corn cob. A variety of other objects were also used, including leaves, handfuls of straw, and seashells. As paper became more prominent and expendable, early Americans began using newspapers, catalogs, and magazines to wipe.
How did Victorian ladies go to the toilet?
For ease of use, Victorian women could simply hold the chamber pot in their hands, rest a foot on the top of the chair, and hold the chamber pot underneath the skirts. For those who wish for visual aids (not at all indecent!), Prior Attire demonstrates using the restroom in Victorian clothing.
How did medieval people wipe?
And though sticks have been popular for cleaning the anus throughout history, ancient people wiped with many other materials, such as water, leaves, grass, stones, animal furs and seashells. In the Middle Ages, Morrison added, people also used moss, sedge, hay, straw and pieces of tapestry.
How often did they bathe in medieval times?
Typically speaking, people bathed once a week during the Middle Ages. Private baths were extremely rare – basically nobody had them – but public bathhouses were actually quite common. People who didn’t have that or who couldn’t afford to use one, still lived near a river.
How did people wipe before toilet paper?
Leaves, sticks, moss, sand and water were common choices, depending on early humans’ environment. Once we developed agriculture, we had options like hay and corn husks. People who lived on islands or on the coast used shells and a scraping technique.