According to The Chicago Manual of Style, commas and periods are almost always placed before a closing quotation mark, “like this,” rather than after, “like this”. This traditional style has persisted even though it’s no longer universally followed outside of the United States and isn’t entirely logical.
Does Chicago have a comma before and?
Chicago says commas aren’t needed with “not only . . . but also” constructions but are needed between two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. So which wins when you have both? Q. Hi.
Do you use the Oxford comma in Chicago style?
Serial Commas
Chicago has a few rules about commas that are easy to overlook. The most important is that Chicago “strongly recommends” using a serial (or Oxford) comma for lists of three or more items.
Do commas go inside quotation marks Chicago?
Commas always go inside quotation marks.
Does so at the beginning of a sentence need a comma?
The answer depends on whether the clause introduced by so is an independent or dependent clause. If so begins an independent clause, a comma should precede it, but if it begins a dependent clause, leave it out.
Does Chicago style use commas or periods?
According to The Chicago Manual of Style, commas and periods are almost always placed before a closing quotation mark, “like this,” rather than after, “like this”. This traditional style has persisted even though it’s no longer universally followed outside of the United States and isn’t entirely logical.
Should I put comma before then?
You should generally only use a comma before then when it connects two independent clauses or when it acts like an interjection. Only put a comma after then when it acts as an interjection. If you struggle with comma usage, run your writing through our free grammar checker.
What’s the difference between an Oxford comma and a regular comma?
What is an Oxford comma? To give the Oxford comma its technical definition, it is a comma used before the final conjunction in a list of three or more items. When you’re writing a list, you naturally include commas to separate each item, but an Oxford comma is when you also put a comma before the “and [Final Item]”.
What is the Oxford comma rule?
The Oxford comma is the comma placed before the conjunction at the end of a list of things. For example, in “the flag was red, white, and blue”, the Oxford comma would be the one appearing before “and”. Proponents of the Oxford comma say it’s necessary for removing ambiguity in sentences.
Should I use an Oxford comma or not?
Contrary to what most students believe, the Oxford comma isn’t grammatically correct. But that doesn’t mean it’s wrong to use it. Instead, it’s grammatically optional.
Does the comma go inside or outside the quotation marks?
Put commas and periods within quotation marks, except when a parenthetical reference follows. He said, “I may forget your name, but I never forget a face.” History is stained with blood spilled in the name of “civilization.” Mullen, criticizing the apparent inaction, writes, “Donahue’s policy was to do nothing” (24).
Does punctuation go inside or outside quotation marks?
In both American English and British English, when it’s part of the quote, all punctuation goes inside the closing quotation marks. This includes commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points. Punctuation that belongs to the sentence goes outside the quotation marks.
Does a comma go before quotes?
When you include quoted material or dialogue in a sentence then you should precede it with a comma unless it fits into the flow of the sentence seamlessly, e.g. The President said that there is “no smoking gun” to be found.
Does comma always go after but?
If you’re wondering whether you need a comma after but, the answer is that you probably don’t. The only time you need a comma after but is when it is immediately followed by an interrupter. An interrupter is a little word or phrase that interrupts a sentence to show emotion, tone, or emphasis.
How do you write in Chicago style?
How to format a Chicago-style paper
- One inch margins on sides, top and bottom.
- Use Times or Times New Roman 12 pt font.
- Double-space the text of the paper.
- Use left-justified text, which will have a ragged right edge.
- Use a 1/2″ indent for paragraph beginnings, block quotes and hanging (bibliography) indents.
What is the Chicago Manual style format?
What is CMS? The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is the preferred formatting and style guidelines used by the disciplines of history, philosophy, religion, and the arts. This quick reference guide focuses on how to format the title page, the notes, and bibliography citations in Chicago Manual Style 17 edition.
How do you use commas?
Comma Rules
- Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.
- Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
What is the first rule of commas?
Rule 1: Use a comma after an introductory clause.
Where does the comma go before and/or after?
If you use a comma with “and,” it should always precede the word “and.” You should never put a comma after the word “and.” This rule applies to both independent clauses joined by “and” and lists of three or more items, as well as any other time “and” might appear in a sentence.
Why don’t we use the Oxford comma anymore?
Why don’t they use it? Many opponents of the Oxford comma claim that it makes a piece of writing sound more pretentious and stuffy, and that it can make things seem cluttered and redundant. Many magazine publishers renounce its use as well, because sentences loaded with commas take up valuable page space.
What are the 4 types of commas?
There are four types of comma: the listing comma, the joining comma, the gapping comma and bracketing commas.